- If the ensemble is invariant under every transformation H↦RHRT with R an orthogonal matrix
- and if all components Hij,i≤j are independent
I prove here the converse, namely, the probability measure (1) is invariant under transformations H↦RHRT.
I first prove that the exponent is invariant and secondly that the absolute value of the Jacobian of the transformation is 1.
- The exponent is clearly invariant because a short calculation gives tr(RHRT)=tr(RTRH)=tr(H) and similarly tr(RHRT)2=tr(RHRTRHRT)=tr(RTRHRTRH)=tr(H2) where I used the cyclicity of the trace and RTR=1.
- The Jacobian of a linear transformation is equal to the determinant of this linear transformation. I therefore need to know the determinant of the linear transformation H↦RHRT on symmetric matrices H. A bit of work shows that this determinant is equal to (detR)n+1. Because R is orthogonal, it follows that detR=±1 and thus (detR)n+1=±1.
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